home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
C/C++ Users Group Library 1996 July
/
C-C++ Users Group Library July 1996.iso
/
vol_200
/
203_01
/
ymodem.doc
< prev
Wrap
Text File
|
1980-01-01
|
45KB
|
1,460 lines
- 1 -
XMODEM/YMODEM PROTOCOL REFERENCE
A compendium of documents describing the
XMODEM and YMODEM
file transfer Protocols
Edited by Chuck Forsberg
Please distribute as widely as possible.
Questions to Chuck Forsberg
Omen Technology Inc
17505-V Sauvie Island Road
Portland Oregon 97231
Voice: 503-621-3406
Modem (Telegodzilla): 503-621-3746 Speed 1200,300
Compuserve: 70715,131
UUCP: ...!tektronix!reed!omen!caf
XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference 1
- 2 -
Chapter 1
1. TOWER OF BABEL ??
In the interest of fostering compatibility among communications programs,
part of of the Professional-YAM manual is reproduced here to minimize the
Electronic Tower of Babel.
The YMODEM Protocol is supported by the public domain programs YAM (CP/M),
YAM(CP/M-86), YAM(CCPM-86), rb/sb (Unix, Berkeley Unix, Venix, Xenix,
Coherent, IDRIS, Regulus) as well as Professional-YAM. These programs
have been in use since 1981.
The protocols described below are enhancements to Ward Christensen's
XMODEM protocol, and are public domain.
The 1k packet length capability described below may be used in conjunction
with the Batch Protocol, or with single file transfers identical to the
XMODEM/CRC protocol except for minimal changes to support 1k packets.
To complete this tome, Ward Christensen's original protocol document and
John Byrns's CRC-16 document are included for reference.
References to the MODEM or MODEM7 protocol have been changed to XMODEM to
accommodate the vernacular.
Watch for an article describing the YMODEM protocol in a more coherent
fashion later this year. This article will include some interesting
history on the development of file microcomputer file transfers.
1.1 Some Messages from the Pioneer
#: 130940 S0/Communications 25-Apr-85 18:38:47
Sb: my protocol
Fm: Ward Christensen 76703,302 (EDITED)
To: all
Be aware the article1 DID quote me correctly in terms of the phrases like
"not robust", etc.
It was a quick hack I threw together, very unplanned (like everything I
do), to satisfy a personal need to communicate with "some other" people.
ONLY the fact that it was done in 8/77, and that I put it in the public
domain immediately, made it become the standard that it is.
__________
1. Infoworld April 29 p. 16
2 Vsn 13.09 05-05-85 TurboDial 1.02
- 3 -
Chapter 1
I think its time for me to
(1) document it; (people call me and say "my product is going to include
it - what can I 'reference'", or "I'm writing a paper on it, what do I put
in the bibliography") and
(2) propose an "incremental extension" to it, which might take "exactly"
the form of Chuck Forsberg's YAM protocol. He wrote YAM in C for CP/M and
put it in the public domain, and wrote a batch protocol for Unix called rb
and sb (receive batch, send batch), which was basically XMODEM with
(a) a record 0 containing filename date time and size
(b) a 1K block size option
(c) CRC-16.
He did some clever programming to detect false ACK or EOT, but basically
left them the same.
People who suggest I make SIGNIFICANT changes to the protocol, such as
"full duplex", "multiple outstanding blocks", "multiple destinations", etc
etc don't understand that the incredible simplicity of the protocol is one
of the reasons it survived to this day in as many machines and programs as
it may be found in!
Consider the PC-NET group back in '77 or so - documenting to beat the band
- THEY had a protocol, but it was "extremely complex", because it tried to
be "all things to all people" - i.e. send binary files on a 7-bit system,
etc. I was not that "benevolent". I (emphasize > I < ) had an 8-bit UART,
so "my protocol was an 8-bit protocol", and I would just say "sorry" to
people who were held back by 7-bit limitations.
...
Block size: Chuck Forsberg created an extension of my protocol, called
YAM, which is also supported via his public domain programs for UNIX
called rb and sb - receive batch and send batch. They cleverly send a
"block 0" which contains the filename, date, time, and size.
Unfortunately, its UNIX style, and is a bit weird2 - octal numbers, etc.
BUT, it is a nice way to overcome the kludgy "echo the chars of the name"
introduced with MODEM7. Further, chuck uses CRC-16 and optional 1K
blocks. Thus the record 0, 1K, and CRC, make it a "pretty slick new
protocol" which is not significantly different from my own.
Also, there is a catchy name - YMODEM. That means to some that it is the
"next thing after XMODEM", and to others that it is the Y(am)MODEM
protocol. I don't want to emphasize that too much - out of fear that
other mfgrs might think it is a "competitive" protocol, rather than an
__________
2. The Unix style stuff (time, file mode) is optional. The pathname and
file length may be sent alone if desired.
XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference 3
- 4 -
Chapter 1
"unaffiliated" protocol. Chuck is currently selling a much-enhanced
version of his CP/M-80 C program YAM, calling it Professional Yam, and its
for the PC - I'm using it right now. VERY slick! 32K capture buffer,
script, scrolling, previously captured text search, plus built-in commands
for just about everything - directory (sorted every which way), XMODEM,
YMODEM, KERMIT, and ASCII file upload/download, etc. You can program it
to "behave" with most any system - for example when trying a number for
CIS it detects the "busy" string back from the modem and substitutes a
diff phone # into the dialing string and branches back to try it.
4 Vsn 13.09 05-05-85 TurboDial 1.02
- 5 -
Chapter 2 XMODEM Protocol Enhancements
2. XMODEM PROTOCOL ENHANCEMENTS
Professional-YAM uses several compatible extensions and logic enhancements
to the widely used Ward Christensen XMODEM protocol.
This chapter discusses the protocol extensions to Ward Christensen's 1982
XMODEM protocol description document.
YAM does not ask the operator whether he wishes to keep retrying after 10
attempts have failed to correctly transfer a packet. Virtually all
correctable errors are corrected within the first few retransmissions. If
the line is so bad that ten attempts are insufficient, there is a
significant danger of undetected errors. In that case, it's better to
redial for a better connection.
2.1 CAN-CAN Abort
YAM recognizes a sequence of two consecutive CAN (Hex 18) characters
without modem errors (overrun, framing, etc.) as a transfer abort
command.1 The check for two consecutive CAN characters virtually
eliminates the possibility of a line hit aborting the transfer. YAM sends
five CAN characters when it aborts a XMODEM protocol file transfer,
followed by five backspaces to delete the CAN characters from the remote's
keyboard input buffer (in case the remote had already aborted the
transfer).
2.2 CRC-16 Option
The XMODEM protocol uses an optional two character CRC-16 instead of the
one character arithmetic checksum used by the original protocol and by
most commercial implementations. CRC-16 guarantees detection o